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Path: Home » Indice Pubblicazioni » Convegni ATI - Accesso riservato soci CTI » CA - 63 - Palermo 2008 » Natural refrigerants-trend to the future

Convegni ATI - Accesso riservato soci CTI

Natural refrigerants-trend to the future

Pubblicazione


Autore: R. Ciconkov, M. Muhaxheri, A. Shtjefni

Collana: CA - 63 - Palermo 2008

Note:
Due to the phase-out of CFC refrigerants which are Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), since 1990 new alternative refrigerants are being placed on the market. These include HFCs, which are non ODS, but these synthetic refrigerants are greenhouse gases that are targeted by the Kyoto Protocol and by the conclusions of recently held climate conference in Bali.
According to the type of application, the size of the system, the cooling temperature, the environment, safety and other considerations, there is no single criteria governing the choice of a refrigerant. It is difficult to decide for right direction because there are many groups with varying interests. The task of the engineers is to find ways enabling more of the above-mentioned criteria to be satisfied.
Depending on the applications, many refrigeration experts prefer the use of natural refrigerants such as ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbons (HCs). However, there are problems with toxicity and flammability using ammonia and HCs, very high pressure and low critical temperature at CO2.
Introducing and respecting safety and technical standards these problems could overcome. Since last decade there is expansion of applications with the natural refrigerants, especially in Europe.


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